Originally from Southeast Asia, the mango tree (Mangifera indica L.) was disseminated in a variety of areas worldwide, especially in tropical countries. Currently, more than 1000 mango varieties are available in the world, being grown in an area of approximately 3.7 million hectares. The mango is a climacteric fruit and is therefore classified as a drupe, featuring an edible, juicy mesocarp. Mango fruit is an important source of dietary fiber, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, micronutrients, vitamins and phytochemicals such as polyphenols, carotenoids, sterols and other secondary metabolites. This book discusses the production of mangoes, as well as its properties, and health benefits of consuming the fruit.