Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and challenging malignancies, contributing significantly to global cancer-related morbidity and mortality. This new book explores various facets of lung cancer, providing an extensive overview of its molecular underpinnings, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, and the burgeoning field of nanotechnology in cancer therapeutics. It first provides an insightful overview of lung cancer, shedding light on its pervasiveness, etiological underpinnings, and the diverse therapeutic modalities employed in tackling both non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. The book then goes on to cover the pathogenesis and molecular biology of lung cancer. Also discussed are diagnostic imaging techniques that explain lung cancer staging and characterization. The book also explores the development of targeted drug delivery systems, illuminating the evolving landscape of targeted therapies and the persistent challenges posed by therapeutic resistance and the role of diverse polymeric and lipid-based nanoparticle formulations as powerful tools in drug and gene delivery, offering tailored solutions to the multifaceted challenges of lung cancer treatment.