Logical Positivism: An American History tells the remarkable story of a group of European philosophers and scientists who fled fascism and reshaped American philosophy. Drawing on extensive archival materials, it traces the conflicted reception of their ideas—at once hailed as a model of scientific clarity and yet condemned as a sterile and reductive approach to philosophy. Rather than treating logical positivism as a purely European export, this book argues that it was a product of transatlantic exchange. It reconstructs the rise of an American network of scientists and philosophers whose ideas were defined by twentieth-century revolutions in logic and modern physics; and it shows how their encounters with European émigrés helped shape a new 'analytic' style of philosophy that has dominated the field ever since. Combining narrative reconstruction with innovative digital humanities methods, this book illuminates the intellectual, institutional, and cultural conditions that enabled logical positivism's ascent. It offers a fresh perspective on the history of U.S. philosophy, showing how a movement defined by global crises and intellectual controversy became engrained in American thought and philosophical practice.