This study examines the relationship between Kierkegaard and Schleiermacher by first giving a detailed reading of Kierkegaard’s Journals and Notebooks. Looking at Kierkegaard’s reception of Schleiermacher (often mediated by other writers) thus allows for new insights into the origin and development of Kierkegaard’s own theory of religion. At the same time, Kierkegaard’s critical assessment of Schleiermacher’s legacy in philosophy and theology leads to a substantial comparison of the epistemological, ontological, anthropological and theological presuppositions of their writings, which still resonate strongly in today’s philosophical and theological debates.