Winning the peace in Iraq may be a far greater challenge than winning the war. This challenge largely falls on President Bush, who must make clear to the world that the United States is prepared to stay the course for the multibillion-dollar, multiyear commitment of U.S. troops, civilian personnel, and other resources that will be needed to achieve a lasting peace. This report explores the options of reconstruction and governance in a post-Saddam transition and describes the nature and magnitude of the post-conflict requirements. It offers some thirty recommendations relating to humanitarian assistance, public security, transitional administration, the rule of law and accountability, oil, reconstruction, and regional security.