The branch of neuroscience that uses theoretical analysis, mathematical models and abstractions of the brain for understanding the nervous system is known as computational neuroscience. It is involved in studying the development, structure, physiology and cognitive abilities of the nervous system. The models within this field seek to capture the essential features of the biological system at multi-spatial temporal scales. These models are used to develop hypotheses which can be tested through biological or psychological experiments. The major topics that are studied under computational neuroscience are single-neuron modeling, sensory processing, motor control, computational clinical neuroscience, cognition, discrimination and learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. This book outlines the processes and applications of computational neuroscience in detail. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. This book will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.