Scientists have been enthusiastic advocates of computational methods of data analysis for as long as computers have been widely available. This book introduces the growing range of computational methods which arise from research into Artificial Intelligence (AI), and which are coming to be recognised as tools of great potential in modern scientific analysis. These methods offer tremendous potential in the analysis of scientific data: papers reporting the application of AI methods in chemistry are currently being published at a rate of several hundred a year; similar figures apply to other areas of science, and the numbers are increasing rapidly. This book leads the reader into the relevant research literature, and provides both the principles and applications of the subject at a level accessible to senior undergraduates and beginning postgraduates.