This book examines the competitive conditions affecting certain industries that are developing and adopting new industrial biotechnology (IB) processes and products. IB was defined for purposes of this study as the manufacture of liquid fuel and chemical products using enzymes, micro-organisms, or renewable resources. The book focuses on U.S. liquid biofuel producers and firms in the U.S. chemical industry. The application of IB can improve the efficiency of the industries and lead to the development of new products. The book provides an understanding of the current impact of IB on the U.S. economy.