The advancement of DNA sequencing technologies has resulted in a movement away from the single gene, and towards a whole genome focus. Previously DNA sequencing was expensive, slow and tedious, but new technologies have been developed that facilitate the relatively cheap and rapid generation of raw sequence from whole bacterial genomes. The sequencing of the human genome was also accelerated in the final phases as a result of new sequencing methods. However, generating the raw sequence is just the start, and tools are required to convert it into useful biological knowledge. This book highlights the new advances in DNA sequencing, and summarises the process of genome and protein annotation. The book also describes the tools required to achieve this, and provide examples within the context of specific genomes.