John Boyle O'Reilly (28 June 1844 - 10 August 1890) was an Irish poet, journalist, author and activist. As a youth in Ireland, he was a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, or Fenians, for which he was transported to Western Australia. After escaping to the United States, he became a prominent spokesperson for the Irish community and culture, through his editorship of the Boston newspaper The Pilot, his prolific writing, and his lecture tours. Born in Dowth, O'Reilly moved to his aunt's residence in England as a teenager and became involved in journalism and shortly after became involved in the military, he however left the military in 1863 after becoming angry with the military's treatment of the Irish, he returned to Ireland the same year. In 1864 he joined the Irish Republican Brotherhood under an assumed name and was part of the group for 2 years until he and many others were arrested by authorities in early 1866.After a mock trial the same year he was sentenced to death which was later commuted to 20 years penal servitude. In 1867 O'Reilly was transported to Western Australia and moved to the town of Bunbury where he escaped 2 years later. After the escape O'Reilly moved to Boston he embarked on a successful writing and journalism career that produced works such as Moondyne and Songs from the Southern Seas (1873) and poems such as The Cry of the Dreamer, The White Rose and In Bohemia. He married Mary Murphy in 1872 and had 4 daughters. In the last 4 years of his life he suffered various health issues before dying of an overdose in his summer home in Hull in 1890. O'Reilly revealed a peaceful attitude (contrary to his attitude while in Ireland) and wit in his poetry. O'Reilly was a household and controversial figure in the United States through his political and civil rights activism. He lived in Charlestown from 1870 to the late 1880s, where his activism for the rights of black people was both praised and criticised. O'Reilly's literature and work with civil rights have been celebrated throughout the years. 1844-1861: Early years: O'Reilly was born on 28 June 1844, at Dowth Castle to William David O'Reilly (1808-1871) and Eliza O'Reilly (nee Boyle) (1815-1869) 1] near Drogheda. His father was a headmaster. He was the third child out of six. Ireland was at that time a part of the United Kingdom, and many Irish people bitterly resented British rule. There was a strong nationalist movement. O'Reilly's relatively wealthy family was fiercely patriotic; his mother was closely related to John Allen, who had played an important role in Robert Emmet's rising in 1803. The son of a schoolmaster, O'Reilly received a good early education. When he was about thirteen, his older brother contracted tuberculosis, and O'Reilly took his place as apprentice at a local newspaper. At the age of fifteen, he moved to Preston, Lancashire to live with his aunt and uncle, and took up work on a local newspaper. In June 1861, O'Reilly enrolled in the 11th Lancashire Rifle Volunteers, with which he received some military training. on returning to Ireland in 1863, he enlisted with the 10th Hussars in Dublin. 1864-1867: Irish Republican Brotherhood and arrestIn 1864, O'Reilly joined the Irish Republican Brotherhood, then commonly known as the "Fenians," a secret society of rebels dedicated to an armed uprising against British rule. He turned his energies to recruiting more Fenians within his regiment, bringing in up to 80 new members. In February 1866 O'Reilly along with many other Fenians were arrested and sent to Arbor Hill military prison......