This book provides new research on immigration perspectives, challenges and issues in the 21st century. The first chapter analyses immigration in political discourse in Slovakia and in the European Union. Chapter Two compares national policies on education of European children and youngsters with a migrant background. Chapter Three focuses on a new pattern of immigration from mainland China to Hong Kong in the 21st century. Chapter Four evaluates and compares the impact that the increase in fertility rates and the use of immigration have had on population stabilisation.