Hypothermia is the condition in which human body temperature drops below the normal range. The decrease in temperature affects all physiological systems in the body and alterations in microcirculation may reduce the oxygen supply to tissues. This book presents current research in the study of the prevention, recognition and treatment of hypothermia. Topics include the clinical use of therapeutic hypothermia in acute brain injury; free radical generation and the activation of apoptotic pathways during hypothermia in the field of cell signalling and the aetiology of accidental hypothermia.