Human iPS cells have a great potential to be cell sources forregenerative medicine because of the promise of infinite self-renewal and thecapability to differentiate into multiple cell types. This book focuses onanother great potential of human iPS cells, which is the establishment of humandisease models using patient-specific iPS cells. Human iPS cells can be easilyobtained from a patient’s somatic cells and provide the entire information on thepatient’s genome. Accordingly, we can generate disease models for inheritablediseases in cell culture dishes using iPS cells. This is a quite new techniquebut holds tremendous potential for our increased understanding of pathogenesis,and will then be the basis for novel drug development industries. All theauthors are leading researchers in this field and they have reported many kindsof patient-derived iPS cells. In this book, they introduce the aspects thatcould be recapitulated in terms of disease modelling as well as furtherinnovative findings such as novel pathogenetic insights and novel therapies.