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How We Became Our Data: A Genealogy of the Informational Person de Colin Koopman

How We Became Our Data: A Genealogy of the Informational Person

Autor Colin Koopman
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 19 iun 2019

În peisajul academic contemporan, How We Became Our Data se încadrează la intersecția dintre metafizică, ontologie și teoria media, oferind un context istoric crucial pentru înțelegerea modului în care datele au devenit fundamentale pentru existența umană. Departe de a fi un fenomen exclusiv al secolului XXI, autorul Colin Koopman demonstrează că identitatea noastră digitală actuală este rezultatul unui proces început în primele decenii ale secolului trecut. Descoperim aici o analiză riguroasă a perioadei 1913–1937, pe care autorul o identifică drept momentul de cristalizare a „persoanei informaționale”.

Structura cărții reflectă o progresie logică de la arhivă la teorie. Prima parte, „Histories of Information”, detaliază mecanismele de „bookkeeping uman”, explorând modul în care trăsăturile psihologice au fost transformate în algoritmi și cum datele au fost folosite pentru segregare rasială în sistemele de credit. Partea a doua, „Powers of Formatting”, sintetizează aceste date istorice într-o teorie politică a subiectului informatizat. Cititorii familiarizați cu Data Selves de Deborah Lupton vor aprecia modul în care volumul de față adâncește perspectiva sociologică prin recursul la genealogia foucauldiană, oferind o bază istorică mult mai densă proceselor de auto-monitorizare descrise de Lupton.

Reținem că această lucrare continuă preocupările lui Colin Koopman din volumele sale anterioare, în special din Genealogy as Critique – Foucault and the Problems of Modernity. Dacă în lucrările precedente autorul explora metodologia criticii, aici aplică aceste instrumente pentru a demonta mitul neutralității datelor. Față de The End of the Future de Stephanie Polsky, care se concentrează pe subordonarea umanului în fața proceselor software actuale, How We Became Our Data ne oferă instrumentele critice pentru a înțelege că acest proces nu este inevitabil, ci construit istoric.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780226626581
ISBN-10: 022662658X
Pagini: 272
Ilustrații: 19 halftones
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 20 mm
Greutate: 0.37 kg
Ediția:First Edition
Editura: University of Chicago Press
Colecția University of Chicago Press

De ce să citești această carte

Această carte este esențială pentru cercetătorii și studenții din științe umaniste care doresc să înțeleagă rădăcinile supravegherii algoritmice. Cititorul câștigă o perspectivă istorică unică asupra modului în care birocrația și tehnologia au modelat conceptul modern de sine. Este un instrument critic necesar pentru oricine vrea să înțeleagă nu doar cum suntem monitorizați, ci cum am ajuns să ne definim prin datele pe care le generăm.

Despre autor

Colin Koopman este un filosof american și profesor asociat la University of Oregon, cunoscut pentru lucrările sale care îmbină pragmatismul cu metodele genealogice de analiză. Opera sa se concentrează pe intersecția dintre istoria ideilor și teoria politică contemporană. Prin lucrări precum Genealogy as Critique – Foucault and the Problems of Modernity și Pragmatism as Transition, Koopman s-a impus ca o voce importantă în reinterpretarea gîndirii lui Foucault și a pragmatismului clasic pentru problemele erei informaționale, culminând cu explorarea eticii datelor în volume precum Data Equals.

Descriere scurtă

We are now acutely aware, as if all of the sudden, that data matters enormously to how we live. How did information come to be so integral to what we can do? How did we become people who effortlessly present our lives in social media profiles and who are meticulously recorded in state surveillance dossiers and online marketing databases? What is the story behind data coming to matter so much to who we are?
In How We Became Our Data, Colin Koopman excavates early moments of our rapidly accelerating data-tracking technologies and their consequences for how we think of and express our selfhood today. Koopman explores the emergence of mass-scale record keeping systems like birth certificates and social security numbers, as well as new data techniques for categorizing personality traits, measuring intelligence, and even racializing subjects. This all culminates in what Koopman calls the “informational person” and the “informational power” we are now subject to. The recent explosion of digital technologies that are turning us into a series of algorithmic data points is shown to have a deeper and more turbulent past than we commonly think. Blending philosophy, history, political theory, and media theory in conversation with thinkers like Michel Foucault, Jürgen Habermas, and Friedrich Kittler, Koopman presents an illuminating perspective on how we have come to think of our personhood—and how we can resist its erosion.

Notă biografică

Colin Koopman is associate professor of philosophy and director of the New Media & Culture Program at the University of Oregon. 

Cuprins

Preface

Introduction: Informational Persons and Our Information Politics

Part I: Histories of Information

1. Inputs
“Human Bookkeeping”: The Informatics of Documentary Identity, 1913–1937
2. Processes
Algorithmic Personality: The Informatics of Psychological Traits, 1917–1937
3. Outputs
Segregating Data: The Informatics of Racialized Credit, 1923–1937
 
Part II: Powers of Formatting

4. Diagnostics
Toward a Political Theory for Informational Persons
5. Redesign
Data’s Turbulent Pasts and Future Paths
 
Acknowledgments
List of Figures
Notes
Bibliography
Index

Recenzii

"The book is extremely readable, so much so that any undergraduate can grasp its main points and digest its evidence. The book is essential for those of us who practice genealogy and those of us who study Foucault's work, but it should be very useful for less specialized readers. It provides a timely and very important perspective on contemporary society, one that may become especially significant as we develop the tracking tools necessary to stem the current coronavirus pandemic. Koopman has my gratitude for this important piece of work."

"Koopman examines data collection, as well as the human adoption of such data to represent individual identity, in order to make such practices visible before data becomes our second nature. . . . Koopman’s analysis reaches a crescendo when the story turns to personal data’s implications. He invites us to think about the thousands of boxes we’ve ticked over our lifetimes, beside which are written the conventional words of racial taxonomy. The data collected from these boxes is used to build correlations, supporting all manner of political and economic programs."

"When did we become our data? Bridging research concerning informatics qua intelligence testing with the bureaucratization of paperwork vis-à-vis the universalization of standardized birth certificate forms, Koopman traces an arachnean genealogy that weaves together the datafication of birth, personality, and race. . . . Koopman’s genealogical approach to algorithmic data qua public health and knowledge practices demonstrates that 'surface politics' such as human welfare projects and official policies are, in fact, brimming with politically dormant exigencies."

"Drawing from Foucault – both methodologically and conceptually – Koopman advances . . . original claims that have the ambition to transform some of the most deeply rooted assumptions in the field of data politics. . . . Koopman’s book is a rigorous, original, and timely contribution to contemporary political theory."

"Koopman explores the history of data tracking technology, detailing the emergence of mass-scale recording systems and techniques for categorising personality traits, measuring intelligence and ‘radicalizing’ subjects. These early developments contributed to the creation of the ‘informational person’ who is today subject to ‘informational power’, he says."

“How We Became Our Data is a landmark contribution to contemporary philosophy of subjectivities and a must-read for anyone interested in the digital age. Koopman masterfully traces the birth of the informational person, meticulously excavating the informatic archives of the early twentieth century—from birth registration to personality testing to racial data on real estate and crime—to demonstrate how we have become our data today. Koopman develops a provocative new model of how power circulates in the informational age, providing an essential link between the statistical and confessional model of the nineteenth century and the digital profiling of the twenty-first.”

“Of all the critical accounts of our becoming subjects of and to data, Koopman’s is the most unsettling—which is to say, the most necessary. We simply cannot understand the crisis of the present without the two inextricable stories presented in this book: how the concept of information emerges as the necessary precondition for the ‘information society’ and how our lives have become almost unthinkable without the sociotechnical apparatus of documents. That this is ultimately an affirmative and even mobilizing tale, instead of a paralyzing horror, is a credit to Koopman’s narrative skill and meticulous scholarship.”

“Brilliant. Urgent. Essential. Koopman’s study of the genealogy of our future-present selves, and how we became these informational artifacts, is crucial to developing new critical knowledges for politics, for aesthetics, and for life.”

"How We Became Our Data looks at the design and uptake of three information formats in the United States between 1913 and 1937: birth certificates, personality tests, and real estate appraisal templates...a welcome provocation to think historically and politically about the problems we face as 'informational persons.' Koopman’s concept of 'infopower' provides a way of talking about the con-sequences of the design and use of information formats."

"In his How We Became Our Data: A Genealogy of the Informational Person, Koopman examines early evidence of data and the consequences it has on how we think and express ourselves today. His book looks at those moments when data structures — such as those involved in birth certificates or social security numbers — become obligatory."