How to Think Logically
Autor Gary Seay, Susana Nuccetellien Limba Engleză Paperback – 31 iul 2011
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9780205154982
ISBN-10: 0205154980
Pagini: 396
Dimensiuni: 175 x 229 x 15 mm
Greutate: 0.52 kg
Ediția:2
Editura: Prentice Hall
ISBN-10: 0205154980
Pagini: 396
Dimensiuni: 175 x 229 x 15 mm
Greutate: 0.52 kg
Ediția:2
Editura: Prentice Hall
Notă biografică
Cuprins
IN THIS SECTION:
1.) BRIEF
2.) COMPREHENSIVE
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF REASONING
Chapter One What Is Logical Thinking? And Why Should We Care?
Chapter Two Thinking Logically and Speaking Oneâ s Mind
Chapter Three The Virtues of Belief
PART II: REASON AND ARGUMENT
Chapter Four Tips for Argument Analysis
Chapter Five Evaluating Deductive Arguments
Chapter Six Analyzing Inductive Arguments
PART III: INFORMAL FALLACIES
Chapter Seven Some Ways an Argument Can Fail
Chapter Eight Avoiding Ungrounded Assumptions
Chapter Nine From Unclear Language to Unclear Reasoning
Chapter Ten Avoiding Irrelevant Premises
PART IV: MORE ON DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Chapter Eleven Compound Propositions
Chapter Twelve Checking the Validity of Propositional Arguments
Chapter Thirteen Categorical Propositions and Immediate Inferences
Chapter Fourteen Categorical Syllogisms
Appendix: Summary of Informal Fallacies
Answers to Selected Exercises
Glossary/Index
COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF REASONING
Chapter One What Is Logical Thinking? And Why Should We Care?
1.1 The Study of Reasoning
1.2 Logic and Reasoning
1.3 What Arguments Are
1.4 Reconstructing Arguments
1.5 Arguments and Non-arguments
1.6 Chapter Summary
1.7 Key Words
Chapter Two Thinking Logically and Speaking Oneâ s Mind
2.1 Rational Acceptability
2.2 Beyond Rational Acceptability
2.3 From Mind to Language
2.4 Indirect Use and Figurative Language
2.5 Definition: An Antidote to Unclear Language
2.6 Chapter Summary
2.7 Key Words
Chapter Three The Virtues of Belief
3.1 Belief, Disbelief, and Non-Belief
3.2 Beliefsâ Virtues and Vices
3.3 Accuracy and Truth
3.4 Reasonableness
3.5 Consistency
3.6 Conservatism and Revisability
3.7 Rationality vs. Irrationality
3.8 Chapter Summary
3.9 Key Words
PART II: REASON AND ARGUMENT
Chapter Four Tips for Argument Analysis
4.1 A Principled Way of Reconstructing Arguments
4.2 Missing Premises
4.3 Extended Arguments
4.4 Types of Reason
4.5 Norms and Argument
4.6 Chapter Summary
4.7 Key Words
Chapter Five Evaluating Deductive Arguments
5.1 Validity
5.2 Soundness
5.3 Cogency
5.4 Chapter Summary
5.5 Key Words
Chapter Six Analyzing Inductive Arguments
6.1 Reconstructing Inductive Arguments
6.2 Some Types of Inductive Argument
6.3 Evaluating Inductive Arguments
6.4 Chapter Summary
6.5 Key Words
PART III: INFORMAL FALLACIES
Chapter Seven Some Ways an Argument Can Fail
7.1 What Is a Fallacy?
7.2 Classification of Informal Fallacies
7.3 When Inductive Arguments Go Wrong
7.4 Chapter Summary
7.5 Key Words
Chapter Eight Avoiding Ungrounded Assumptions
8.1 Fallacies of Presumption
8.2 Begging the Question
8.3 Begging-the-Question-Against
8.4 Complex Question
8.5 False Alternatives
8.6 Accident
8.7 Chapter Summary
8.8 Key Words
Chapter Nine From Unclear Language to Unclear Reasoning
9.1 Unclear Language and Argument Failure
9.2 Semantic Unclarity
9.3 Vagueness
9.4 Ambiguity
9.5 Confused Predication
9.6 Chapter Summary
9.7 Key Words
Chapter Ten Avoiding Irrelevant Premises
10.1 Fallacies of Relevance
10.2 Appeal to Pity
10.3 Appeal to Force
10.4 Appeal to Emotion
10.5 Ad Hominem
10.6 Beside the Point
10.7 Straw Man
10.8 Is the Appeal to Emotion Always Fallacious?
10.9 Chapter Summary
10.10 Key Words
PART IV: MORE ON DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Chapter Eleven Compound Propositions
11.1 Argument as a Relation Between Propositions
11.2 Simple and Compound Propositions
11.3 Symbolizing Compound Propositions
11.4 Defining Connectives with Truth Tables
11.5 Truth Tables for Compound Propositions
11.6 Chapter Summary
11.7 Key Words
Chapter Twelve Checking the Validity of Propositional Arguments
12.1 Checking Validity with Truth Tables
12.2 Some Standard Argument Forms
12.3 Formal Fallacies
12.4 A Simplified Approach to Proofs of Validity
12.5 Chapter Summary
12.6 Key Words
Chapter Thirteen Categorical Propositions and Immediate Inferences
13.1 What Is a Categorical Proposition?
13.2 Venn Diagrams for Categorical Propositions
13.3 The Square of Opposition
13.4 Other Immediate Inferences
13.5 Chapter Summary
13.6 Key Words
Chapter Fourteen Categorical Syllogisms
14.1 What Is a Categorical Syllogism?
14.2 Syllogistic Argument Forms
14.3 Testing for Validity with Venn Diagrams
14.4 Distribution of Terms
14.5 Rules of Validity and Syllogistic Fallacies
14.6 Chapter Summary
14.7 Key Words
Appendix: Summary of Informal Fallacies
Answers to Selected Exercises
Glossary/Index
1.) BRIEF
2.) COMPREHENSIVE
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF REASONING
Chapter One What Is Logical Thinking? And Why Should We Care?
Chapter Two Thinking Logically and Speaking Oneâ s Mind
Chapter Three The Virtues of Belief
PART II: REASON AND ARGUMENT
Chapter Four Tips for Argument Analysis
Chapter Five Evaluating Deductive Arguments
Chapter Six Analyzing Inductive Arguments
PART III: INFORMAL FALLACIES
Chapter Seven Some Ways an Argument Can Fail
Chapter Eight Avoiding Ungrounded Assumptions
Chapter Nine From Unclear Language to Unclear Reasoning
Chapter Ten Avoiding Irrelevant Premises
PART IV: MORE ON DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Chapter Eleven Compound Propositions
Chapter Twelve Checking the Validity of Propositional Arguments
Chapter Thirteen Categorical Propositions and Immediate Inferences
Chapter Fourteen Categorical Syllogisms
Appendix: Summary of Informal Fallacies
Answers to Selected Exercises
Glossary/Index
COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF REASONING
Chapter One What Is Logical Thinking? And Why Should We Care?
1.1 The Study of Reasoning
1.2 Logic and Reasoning
1.3 What Arguments Are
1.4 Reconstructing Arguments
1.5 Arguments and Non-arguments
1.6 Chapter Summary
1.7 Key Words
Chapter Two Thinking Logically and Speaking Oneâ s Mind
2.1 Rational Acceptability
2.2 Beyond Rational Acceptability
2.3 From Mind to Language
2.4 Indirect Use and Figurative Language
2.5 Definition: An Antidote to Unclear Language
2.6 Chapter Summary
2.7 Key Words
Chapter Three The Virtues of Belief
3.1 Belief, Disbelief, and Non-Belief
3.2 Beliefsâ Virtues and Vices
3.3 Accuracy and Truth
3.4 Reasonableness
3.5 Consistency
3.6 Conservatism and Revisability
3.7 Rationality vs. Irrationality
3.8 Chapter Summary
3.9 Key Words
PART II: REASON AND ARGUMENT
Chapter Four Tips for Argument Analysis
4.1 A Principled Way of Reconstructing Arguments
4.2 Missing Premises
4.3 Extended Arguments
4.4 Types of Reason
4.5 Norms and Argument
4.6 Chapter Summary
4.7 Key Words
Chapter Five Evaluating Deductive Arguments
5.1 Validity
5.2 Soundness
5.3 Cogency
5.4 Chapter Summary
5.5 Key Words
Chapter Six Analyzing Inductive Arguments
6.1 Reconstructing Inductive Arguments
6.2 Some Types of Inductive Argument
6.3 Evaluating Inductive Arguments
6.4 Chapter Summary
6.5 Key Words
PART III: INFORMAL FALLACIES
Chapter Seven Some Ways an Argument Can Fail
7.1 What Is a Fallacy?
7.2 Classification of Informal Fallacies
7.3 When Inductive Arguments Go Wrong
7.4 Chapter Summary
7.5 Key Words
Chapter Eight Avoiding Ungrounded Assumptions
8.1 Fallacies of Presumption
8.2 Begging the Question
8.3 Begging-the-Question-Against
8.4 Complex Question
8.5 False Alternatives
8.6 Accident
8.7 Chapter Summary
8.8 Key Words
Chapter Nine From Unclear Language to Unclear Reasoning
9.1 Unclear Language and Argument Failure
9.2 Semantic Unclarity
9.3 Vagueness
9.4 Ambiguity
9.5 Confused Predication
9.6 Chapter Summary
9.7 Key Words
Chapter Ten Avoiding Irrelevant Premises
10.1 Fallacies of Relevance
10.2 Appeal to Pity
10.3 Appeal to Force
10.4 Appeal to Emotion
10.5 Ad Hominem
10.6 Beside the Point
10.7 Straw Man
10.8 Is the Appeal to Emotion Always Fallacious?
10.9 Chapter Summary
10.10 Key Words
PART IV: MORE ON DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Chapter Eleven Compound Propositions
11.1 Argument as a Relation Between Propositions
11.2 Simple and Compound Propositions
11.3 Symbolizing Compound Propositions
11.4 Defining Connectives with Truth Tables
11.5 Truth Tables for Compound Propositions
11.6 Chapter Summary
11.7 Key Words
Chapter Twelve Checking the Validity of Propositional Arguments
12.1 Checking Validity with Truth Tables
12.2 Some Standard Argument Forms
12.3 Formal Fallacies
12.4 A Simplified Approach to Proofs of Validity
12.5 Chapter Summary
12.6 Key Words
Chapter Thirteen Categorical Propositions and Immediate Inferences
13.1 What Is a Categorical Proposition?
13.2 Venn Diagrams for Categorical Propositions
13.3 The Square of Opposition
13.4 Other Immediate Inferences
13.5 Chapter Summary
13.6 Key Words
Chapter Fourteen Categorical Syllogisms
14.1 What Is a Categorical Syllogism?
14.2 Syllogistic Argument Forms
14.3 Testing for Validity with Venn Diagrams
14.4 Distribution of Terms
14.5 Rules of Validity and Syllogistic Fallacies
14.6 Chapter Summary
14.7 Key Words
Appendix: Summary of Informal Fallacies
Answers to Selected Exercises
Glossary/Index
Recenzii
"The Chapter Summay(ies) were helpful, as were the definitons. I stress mastering the definitions to the key words because these provide the materials for performing logical operations in an intentional way."
-- Andrew Waskey, Dalton State College
-- Andrew Waskey, Dalton State College