The main theme of this report is the need for China to transition its health care delivery system toward people-centered, high quality, integrated care built on the foundation of a strong primary health care system. This system offers both better health care for its citizens as well as better value for its economy. The report offers a comprehensive set of eight interlinked recommendations that can prepare the Chinese health system for the demographic and health challenges it faces. This report focuses not only on the top-level design for reform; it also addresses the important question of how to make reform work on the ground. It builds on extensive analysis of literature and case studies from high- and middle-income countries, as well as on ongoing innovations in China that offer lessons and experiences for bringing about desired change. The report draws upon cutting-edge thinking about science of delivery that can help scaling up health reforms--from prefecture to province, and ultimately, nationwide.