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Harmonic Oscillators: Types, Functions and Applications

Autor Yilun Shang
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 20 aug 2019

Structura acestui volum, coordonat de Yilun Shang, este riguros segmentată pentru a reflecta progresia de la fundamentele matematice ale incertitudinii către aplicațiile complexe în fizica stării solide. Considerăm că organizarea materialului în trei piloni tematici — instrumente informaționale, corespondență clasic-cuantică și dinamică cristalină — oferă o viziune coerentă asupra oscilatorilor armonici, dincolo de tratarea lor ca simple exerciții de laborator. Metodologia propusă îmbină analiza teoretică a spațiilor Hilbert cu modele intuitive, precum sistemul „ball-spring”, facilitând înțelegerea tranziției de la mișcarea individuală a atomilor la fenomene colective precum fononii.

Subliniem importanța primului capitol în contextul actual al cercetării, unde sistemele cuantice confinate sub presiune extremă sunt analizate prin prisma măsurătorilor de complexitate, precum entropia Shannon sau divergența Kullback-Leibler. Această abordare matematică este echilibrată în secțiunile următoare de o revizuire a principiului de corespondență al lui Bohr, demonstrând cum rezultatele cuantice converg spre cele clasice în limitele numerelor cuantice mari. Cititorii familiarizați cu Quantum Oscillators de Paul Blaise vor aprecia în acest volum focalizarea specifică pe sistemele constrânse și pe utilizarea energiei Onicescu, elemente care aduc un plus de profunzime analizei distribuțiilor de probabilitate. Spre deosebire de abordarea generală din The Physics of Vibration de A. B. Pippard FRS, lucrarea de față se concentrează pe solvabilitatea exactă a potențialelor moleculare și pe aproximările armonice esențiale pentru înțelegerea rețelelor solide.

Credem că rigoarea cu care sunt tratate ecuațiile Ehrenfest și tunelarea cuantică transformă această apariție de la Nova Science Publishers Inc într-un instrument de lucru indispensabil pentru studiul modurilor complexe de vibrație în moleculele mari.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781536158106
ISBN-10: 1536158100
Pagini: 214
Dimensiuni: 155 x 230 mm
Greutate: 0.42 kg
Editura: Nova Science Publishers Inc
Colecția Nova Science Publishers Inc
Locul publicării:United States

De ce să citești această carte

Această monografie este esențială pentru studenții avansați și cercetătorii în fizică sau chimie teoretică. Oferă o sinteză actualizată a metodelor de calcul pentru oscilatorii armonici, de la entropia informațională la dinamica fononilor. Cititorul câștigă o înțelegere clară a modului în care limitarea spațială influențează proprietățile fizico-chimice, beneficiind de un aparat matematic riguros aplicat pe modele fizice concrete.


Descriere

This book gathers state-of-the-art advances on harmonic oscillators including their types, functions, and applications. In Chapter 1, Neetik and Amlan have discussed the recent progresses of information theoretic tools in the context of free and confined harmonic oscillator. Confined quantum systems have provided appreciable interest in areas of physics, chemistry, biology, etc., since its inception. A particle under extreme pressure environment unfolds many fascinating, notable physical and chemical changes. The desired effect is achieved by reducing the spatial boundary from infinity to a finite region. Similarly, in the last decade, information measures were investigated extensively in diverse quantum problems, in both free and constrained situations. The most prominent amongst these are: Fisher information, Shannon entropy, Renyi entropy, Tsallis entropy, Onicescu energy and several complexities. Arguably, these are the most effective measures of uncertainty, as they do not make any reference to some specific points of a respective Hilbert space. These have been invoked to explain several physic-chemical properties of a system under investigation. Kullback Leibler divergence or relative entropy describes how a given probability distribution shifts from a reference distribution function. This characterizes a measure of discrimination between two states. In other words, it extracts the change of information in going from one state to another. In Chapter 2, Nabakumar, Subhasree, and Paulami have revisited classical-quantum correspondence in the context of linear Simple Harmonic Oscillator (SHO). According to Bohr's correspondence principle, quantum mechanically calculated results match with the classically expected results when quantum number is very high. Classical quantum correspondence may also be visualized in the limit when the action integral is much greater than Planck's constant. When de-Broglie wave length associated with a particle is much larger than system size, then quantum mechanical results also match with the classical results. In the context of dynamics, Ehrenfest equation of motion is used in quantum domain, which is analogous to classical Newton's equation of motion. SHO is one of the most important systems for several reasons. It is one of the few exactly solvable problems. Any stable molecular potential can be approximated by SHO near the equilibrium point. This builds the foundation for the understanding of complex modes of vibration in large molecules, the motion of atoms in a solid lattice, the theory of heat capacity, vibration motion of nuclei in molecule etc. The authors have revisited the common solution techniques and important properties of both classical and quantum linear SHO. Then they focused on probability distribution, quantum mechanical tunneling, classical and quantum dynamics of position, momentum and their actuations, viral theorems, etc. and also analyzed how quantum mechanical results finally tend to classical results in the high quantum number limit. In Chapter 3, Neeraj has discussed the nature of atomic motions, sometimes referred to as lattice vibrations. The lattice dynamics deals with the vibrations of the atoms inside the crystals. In order to write the dynamic equations of the motion of crystal atoms, we need to describe an inter-atomic interaction. Therefore, it is natural to start the study of the lattice dynamics with the case of small harmonic vibrations. The dynamics of one-dimensional and two-dimensional vibrations of monatomic and diatomic crystals can be understood by using the simple model forces based on harmonic approximation. This harmonic approximation is related to a simple ball-spring model. According to this model, each atom is coupled with the neighboring atoms by spring constants. The collective motion of atoms leads to a distinct traveling wave over the whole crystal, leading to the collective motion, so-called phonon. The simple ball-spring model enlightens us some of the significant common features of lattice dynamics that have been discussed throughout this chapter. Further, this chapter helps in understanding the quantization energy of a harmonic oscillation and the concept of phonon.

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