Harlemania: Performing Music, Race, and Place at the Cotton Club offers a vivid reexamination of Jazz Age Harlem through the lens of one of its most famous^&#8212and most fraught^&#8212institutions. Operating from 1924 to 1940 at 142nd Street and Lenox Avenue, the Cotton Club achieved international renown by showcasing legendary performers such as Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, and Ethel Waters. Yet its whites-only door policy stood in stark contrast to the Black creativity it profited from, embodying the tensions at the heart of Harlem's cultural renaissance.Drawing on new archival research, including previously unheard oral histories alongside close readings of iconic songs like “The Mooch,” “Minnie the Moocher,” and “Stormy Weather,” Harlemania reveals how performers navigated and resisted the club's racial constraints. Onstage, artists developed inventive musical and theatrical strategies to subvert degrading stereotypes and censorship, communicating layered messages of resilience, modernity, and pride. Through these performances, they found ways to “speak Harlem” to audiences attuned to the deeper meanings beneath the spectacle.Though the Cotton Club's lifetime was brief, its complicated legacy continues to reverberate through American jazz and popular music. Harlemania foregrounds both celebrated and overlooked figures who transformed a restrictive space into a site of artistic innovation and cultural negotiation. In doing so, it illuminates how even within systems of exclusion, Black performers forged a lasting artistic legacy that continues to shape how we hear and understand American music today.