Though the institution of the Gulag was nominally closed over half a decade ago, it lives on as an often hotly contested site of memory in the post-socialist era. This ethnographic study takes a holistic, comprehensive approach to understanding memories of the Gulag, and particularly the language of commemoration that surrounds it in present-day Russian society. It focuses on four regions of particular historical significance--the Solovetsky Islands, the Komi Republic, the Perm region, and Kolyma--to carefully explore how memories become a social phenomenon, how objects become heritage, and how the human need to create places of memory has preserved the Gulag in specific ways today.