Graphene oxide is a carbon-based material what produces a monolayer or a few layers of oxygen-functionalized graphene. The number of layers usually differentiate between graphene oxide and graphite oxide. Though a multilayer system, graphite oxide monolayer flakes and few-layer flakes can be found in a graphene oxide dispersion. Due to the presence of oxygen functionalities, graphene oxide can easily disperse in various organic solvents including water and is compatible with a different matrix that dramatically enhances electrical and mechanical properties when mixed with polymer and ceramic materials. Graphene oxide possesses a sp2 bonding network. Graphene oxide can be used as an intermediary in the production of single layer or few-layer graphene sheets. Graphene oxide can be reduced in solution and as a thin film using a variety of reducing conditions, and reduction converts the graphene oxide into a material that has a large enhancement in electrical conductivity. Graphene oxide has been used in a variety of applications not limited to materials science engineering and biotechnology. The present book describes the advances in research and applications of graphene oxide; in Chapter One, the general introduction on graphene oxide is introduced whereas in Chapter Two a broader summary of laser processing for graphene oxide/transition metal oxide nanocomposite coatings are described. Chapter Three discusses a graphene oxide template for the scaffolding transition metal/metal oxide ingredient. Chapter Four concludes the new advances in graphene oxide-metal nanocomposites for cancer theranostics. Chapter Five summarizes graphene oxide membranes as supercapacitor separators and Chapter Six contains details of graphene oxide in terms of the advances in research and applications of membranes. Chapter Seven speaks on the conductivity of graphene oxide films while Chapter Eight describes the application of graphene oxide based nanocomposites in heterogeneous photocatalysis for water purification. Chapter Nine deals with an immense uprising, detailing the functionalization and fine-tuning of 2D graphene designed for heterogeneous catalysis to make things greener. Chapter Ten summarizes graphene oxides for biomedical and therapeutic applications. Chapter Eleven describes graphene oxide as an outstanding material for advanced batteries while Chapter Twelve speaks on behalf of self-assembled graphene oxides and their different applications. Chapter Thirteen describes the versatile applications of graphene oxide in the field of nanoelectronic while Chapter Fourteen concludes this book with details about the design, fabrication, testing and delivery of graphene oxide in solar energy storage. This book will be highly beneficial to the researchers working in the area of graphene oxide, polymer/ceramic chemistry, materials science, engineering, drug delivery, medicine and environmental science. It also covers membrane and super capacitors with their advanced applications. This book also provides a platform for all researchers to carry out graphene oxide research and the advances in the area. The book also covers recent fundamentals, advancements and newer prospects about the future research in graphene oxides.