Graphene refers to a single layer of carbon atoms which are tightly bound in a hexagonal honeycomb structure. It is an allotropic form of carbon. Each carbon atom in graphene forms bond with three neighboring atoms. The three dimensional structure formed by stacking layers of graphene is called graphite. It is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity, and is capable of absorbing light of all visible wavelengths. Some common methods to produce graphene are chemical vapor deposition, graphite oxide reduction, nanotube slicing, electrochemical synthesis, etc. It finds extensive applications across various fields such as electronics, biomedical engineering and light processing. Future applications of graphene include manufacturing of supercapacitors. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. Most of the topics introduced herein cover modification techniques and properties of graphene materials. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.