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God's War: A New History of the Crusades de Christopher Tyerman

God's War: A New History of the Crusades

Autor Christopher Tyerman
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 30 sep 2008

În volumul God's War, remarcăm o schimbare de paradigmă în istoriografia medievală, autorul oferind o viziune care extinde cadrul temporal și geografic al cruciadelor mult peste limitele tradiționale. Această ediție de peste o mie de pagini integrează cele mai recente cercetări academice pentru a reconstrui un sistem de credințe definit de agresiune și paranoia, dar și de o disciplină socială riguroasă. Christopher Tyerman nu se limitează la expedițiile din Țara Sfântă, ci include în analiză conflictele din Spania și zona Baltică, tratându-le ca manifestări ale unei identități creștine comunitare aflate în plină expansiune.

Comparabil cu Crusading and the Crusader States de Andrew Jotischky în ceea ce privește rigoarea examinării ideii de război sfânt, God's War se distinge prin amploarea narativă și prin modul în care reușește să sintetizeze motivațiile contradictorii ale participanților. Dacă în lucrarea sa anterioară, The History and Pre-History of Hertford College, Oxford, Christopher Tyerman se concentra pe istoria instituțională locală, aici aplică aceeași precizie analitică la scară continentală. Credem că forța acestui text rezidă în capacitatea de a privi dincolo de figurile legendare, precum Richard Inimă de Leu sau Saladin, pentru a expune realitățile trăite de mii de anonimi — de la cavaleri templieri la țărani — care și-au abandonat căminele din convingere sau interes.

Structura este densă, dar fluidă, alternând între analize politice sângeroase și explorări ale culturii religioase. Această sinteză modernă înlocuiește volumele clasice prin abordarea critică a „miturilor culturale” și prin evidențierea modului în care aceste antagonisme ciclice continuă să influențeze relația dintre lumea creștină și cea musulmană.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780674030701
ISBN-10: 0674030702
Pagini: 1023
Dimensiuni: 166 x 233 x 52 mm
Greutate: 1.38 kg
Editura: Belknap Press

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm God's War oricărui cititor pasionat de istorie medievală care caută o analiză obiectivă, lipsită de romantisme inutile. Veți câștiga o înțelegere profundă a modului în care războiul a fost utilizat ca instrument de caritate creștină și disciplină socială. Este resursa definitivă pentru a înțelege rădăcinile conflictelor ideologice care încă reverberează în geopolitica contemporană, oferind o perspectivă vastă asupra formării identității europene.

Despre autor

Christopher Tyerman este un istoric de prestigiu, cercetător și lector în istorie medievală la Hertford College, în cadrul Universității Oxford, și șeful catedrei de istorie la Harrow School. Expertiza sa în domeniul cruciadelor este recunoscută la nivel mondial, fiind autorul mai multor lucrări de referință, printre care The Practices of Crusading și How to Plan a Crusade. Cariera sa academică s-a concentrat pe intersecția dintre ideologia religioasă și realitatea militară, Tyerman fiind considerat unul dintre cei mai riguroși interpreți contemporani ai arhivelor medievale.

Descriere scurtă

God's War offers a sweeping new vision of one of history's most astounding events: the Crusades.
From 1096 to 1500, European Christians fought to recreate the Middle East, Muslim Spain, and the pagan Baltic in the image of their God. The Crusades are perhaps both the most familiar and most misunderstood phenomena of the medieval world, and here Christopher Tyerman seeks to recreate, from the ground up, the centuries of violence committed as an act of religious devotion.
The result is a stunning reinterpretation of the Crusades, revealed as both bloody political acts and a manifestation of a growing Christian communal identity. Tyerman uncovers a system of belief bound by aggression, paranoia, and wishful thinking, and a culture founded on war as an expression of worship, social discipline, and Christian charity.
This astonishing historical narrative is imbued with figures that have become legends--Saladin, Richard the Lionheart, Philip Augustus. But Tyerman also delves beyond these leaders to examine the thousands and thousands of Christian men--from Knights Templars to mercenaries to peasants--who, in the name of their Savior, abandoned their homes to conquer distant and alien lands, as well as the countless people who defended their soil and eventually turned these invaders back. With bold analysis, Tyerman explicates the contradictory mix of genuine piety, military ferocity, and plain greed that motivated generations of Crusaders. He also offers unique insight into the maturation of a militant Christianity that defined Europe's identity and that has forever influenced the cyclical antagonisms between the Christian and Muslim worlds.
Drawing on all of the most recent scholarship, and told with great verve and authority, God's War is the definitive account of a fascinating and horrifying story that continues to haunt our contemporary world.

Recenzii

This is likely to replace Steven Runciman's 50-year-old History of the Crusades as the standard work. Tyerman, lecturer in medieval history at Oxford University, demolishes our simplistic misconceptions about that series of ferocious campaigns in the Middle East, Muslim Spain and the pagan Baltic between 1096 and 1500...God's War is that very rare thing: a readable and vivid history written with the support of a formidable scholarly background, and it deserves to reach a wide audience. Publishers Weekly (starred review 20060724 Challenging traditional conceptions of the Crusades, e.g., the failure to retain Jerusalem, Tyerman believes that it was the weakening of papal power and the rise of secular governments in Europe that finally doomed the crusading impulse. This is a marvelously conceived, written, and supported book. -- Robert J. Andrews Library Journal 20060915 Christopher Tyerman, who teaches medieval history in Oxford, offers in his new and massive study of the Crusades as a whole a welcome synthesis for the general reader...Full of fascinating detail...God's War is a first-rate, scholarly, up-to-date, and highly readable survey of the entire crusading movement...In the gullible age of The Da Vinci Code, Tyerman offers a sane, informed, and gripping account of one of the most characteristic and most extraordinary manifestations of the Christian Middle Ages. -- Eamon Duffy New York Review of Books 20061019 Tyerman, an Oxford scholar, combines vigorous argument and nuanced analysis in this deeply learned chronicle of the Crusades...It's the best single-volume treatment of this still-controversial and fraught subject. -- Benjamin Healy and Benjamin Schwarz The Atlantic 20061101 A magisterial work...it is a shoo-in to become this generation's definitive history of the original Crusades, a series of military expeditions that temporarily returned the Holy Land to Christian rule in the Middle Ages. Hefty, encyclopedic and a darn good read, Tyerman's book has the rarest of virtues among myriad treatments of the subject: It doesn't bend history to preconceptions. -- Ron Grossman Chicago Tribune 20061029 Anyone who likes knights, castles and battles as much as I do will enjoy Christopher Tyerman's masterpiece God's War, a history of the Crusades written with great breadth, clarity and human sympathy: one of the achievements of the year. -- Dominic Sandbrook Daily Telegraph 20061209 With rekindled controversy about Western invasions of the Middle East, the Crusades of the late Middle Ages take on unanticipated relevance. It is thus a real boon for this strikingly effective book to appear at this time. The key to Tyerman's signal success is his ability to explain both the vicious brutality and the serious Christian altruism that were so intimately intertwined in the crusading experience and that have left such a tangled legacy for Muslim-Christian relations to this day. -- Mark A. Noll Christian Century 20061017 God's War is a long but highly readable account of this extensive back-and-forth struggle. It is an impressive achievement, a work that manages to tie together an extraordinary number of threads across nearly half a millennium of European history. Although it can be taken as a response to Pope Benedict XVI's comments at Regensburg, it is more properly read as an extended rejoinder to Steven Runciman's classic three-volume History of the Crusades, published in the early 1950s, a long and colorful account that is nonetheless studded with judgments that now seem prejudiced and amateurish. Tyerman, by contrast, is never amateurish. His knowledge of the period is encyclopedic, and his judgments are sharp, astute, and fair--which is to say unsparing--to both camps. He neither vilifies Islam nor engages in the easy Euro-bashing that is the obverse of Islamophobia. With so many people succumbing to subjectivism these days, it is bracing to come across a historian who remains resolutely above the fray, who insists on viewing the conflict as a whole and who always has the broader context in mind. -- Daniel Lazare The Nation 20061211 Christopher Tyerman's God's War is comprehensive, fascinating, and timely. It deflates comparisons of current U.S. strategies with the Crusades. True, the participation of religious in battle (like Odo on the Bayeux Tapestry) is noteworthy, but so is Tyerman's questioning of the cliche 'Age of Faith.' Indeed, while these books make the Middle Ages seem real, they also make it seem different, and our capacity to entertain the differences is morally crucial. -- Tom D'Evelyn Providence Journal Christopher Tyerman's God's War: A New History of the Crusades is a doorstop of a book, a mammoth effort to retell, based on modern scholarship, the story of how Western Christendom made war to wrest the Holy Lands from Muslim hands. As we all know, this isn't considered ancient history in the Middle East. -- Fritz Lanham Houston Chronicle This thick book compares favorably to Sir Steven Runciman's three-volume A History of the Crusades (1951-54), but where Runciman, writing a half century ago, saw the Crusades as Christianity's moral failure, Tyerman sees a violent era: neither Christians nor Moslems were peaceful, and both faced dangerous enemies...In addition to persuasive revisionist interpretations of individual crusades, Tyerman treats the broader scope of crusading, including Spain, the Balkans, and the Baltic. Most importantly for historians, the author sees nothing in the Crusades than can inform modem politics. -- W. L. Urban Choice 20070301 God's War is the new standard in the field...Adjectives for [it] almost fail. "Comprehensive," "monumental," and "epic" come to mind, and they are appropriate but scarcely adequate. In brief, this is a work by a master historian. -- Alfred J. Andrea CT Review 20070701 Christopher Tyerman...has written a tome that...draws on the most recent scholarship and offers fresh insights, demolishing myths galore. -- A. G. Noorani Frontline 20070504

Notă biografică

Christopher Tyerman is a Fellow in History at Hertfod College, Oxford, and a Lecturer in Medieval History at New College, Oxford. He is the author of England and the Crusades.