In this book, the biology, current treatment modalities and new emerging therapeutic approaches and targets for glioma, a highly aggressive and invasive brain tumour, are described. The pathologic features of the most frequently WHO classified gliomas encountered in clinical practice, are reviewed. Molecular genetics and specifically the mutations that underlie brain tumours are outlined as is the inherited genetic susceptibility and lifestyle risk factors reflecting on glioma epidemiology. The clinical features of glioma as well as diagnostic methods that include conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brain mapping are also discussed with an outline of emerging treatment options.