Completely revised and updated, you will benefit from new and rewritten sections on: axial magnification

Jackson Cross Cylinder tests

• retinoscopy reflex motions
• field of view
• the optics of indirect ophthalmoscopy
• optical aberrations
• diffractive lenses
• the Doppler shift
• lasers and the similarities and differences of Gaussian laser beams versus the propagation of light from a point source
• plus, a new appendix on angles and basic trigonometry.

Although not a matrix optics text, matrices are used extensively in the chapters on spherical systems and off-axis aspects of astigmatism. In particular, the matrix treatment of astigmatism serves as a foundation for the recently developed, much improved statistical techniques that deal with refractive corrections and astigmatism in all its aspects.