Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic naturally synthesised by Micromonospora, a Gram-positive genus of bacteria widely found in water and soil. This antibiotic is useful against a wide variety of bacteria, and works by binding the 30S sub-unit of the bacterial ribosome, which interrupts bacterial protein synthesis. In this book, the authors discuss the biosynthesis, medicinal applications and potential side effects of Gentamicin. Topics include Gentamicin used in combination therapy and applied to medicinal materials for clinical applications; use of natural products to enhance the antibiotic activity of Gentamicin and other aminoglycosides; regiospecific Gentamicin functionalisation; Gentamicin and particle engineering; and the indications and adverse effects of Gentamicin.