The genus Fusarium are among the most common contaminants of cereals and their products, and many species have acquired additional importance because they have been shown to produce mycotoxins (fumonisins), causing both animal and human diseases. Fusarium spp. moulds and fumonisins were also found to be contaminants on various commodities around the world. The authors discuss the many natural forms of fumonisins and exposure to these mycotoxins, which can cause various adverse health effects in animals and humans. The state-of-the-art liquid chromotography-mass spectrometry techniques for the analysis and characterization of fumonisins in food-based products and other matrices are reviewed as well