Mid-infrared (MIR) or Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopy technique that identifies chemicals based on the interaction of molecules with electromagnetic radiation in the mid-infrared region. The use of this technique has increased over the last decades due to its many advantages compared with the use of other methods, including non-destruction of the sample, minimal or no sample preparation, and the fact that it does not involve the use of any hazardous chemicals during the analysis. FTIR Spectroscopy: Advances in Research and Applications presents some of the most recent advances on the application of mid-infrared spectroscopy in biology, medicine and food science. It starts with an overview of chemometric methods that are needed for analysis and interpretation of infrared data (Chapter 1), followed by applications in the analysis of food and biological systems, including food provenance identification (Chapter 2) and structural aspects (Chapter 3), structural analysis of mollusk shells (Chapter 4), and applications in biomedical research (Chapter 5) and cancer diagnosis (Chapter 6). The book is written by an international panel of scientists with extensive expertise in the field of infrared spectroscopy, providing unique views and perspectives on both practical and theoretical applications.