Frontiers in Bacteriology Research opens with a summary regarding the role of plants, substrate/filter material, microbial biodiversity, chemical variation, system designs and operational parameters as they relate to the removal of toxic elements in constructed wetlands. The authors discuss oxidoreductases, a large class of enzymes that catalyze several biological oxidation/reduction reactions by transferring electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors. The increasing rate of Clostridium difficile infections and associated control methods are also discussed. Clostridium difficile is an important pathogen that causes diarrhea associated with the use of antibiotics. Recent progress in research concerning the antibacterial activities of different carbon-based nanomaterials is presented. Graphene, graphene oxide, graphene and carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and nanodiamonds are discussed. In closing, data reporting on the activity of lectins against resistant bacteria, alone or in conjunction with other drugs, is reviewed.