Practical and legal hurdles, including the difficulty of locating hidden Al Qaeda members and the unfeasibility of enforcing judgements in terrorism cases, hinder victims' attempts to establish liability in U.S. courts against, and recover financially from, those they argue are directly responsible for the September 11 terrorist attacks. Instead, victims have sued numerous individuals and entities with only indirect ties to the attacks, including defendants who allegedly provided monetary support to Al Qaeda prior to September 11 2001. This book summarises the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) and jurisdiction in cases against foreign defendants and analyses the recent court of appeals decision.