Lawyers involved in international commercial transactions know well that that unforeseen events affecting the performance of a party often arise. Not surprisingly, exemptions for non-performance are dealt with in a significant number of arbitral awards. This useful book thoroughly analyzes contemporary approaches, particularly as manifested in case law, to the scope and content of the principles of exemption for non-performance which are commonly referred to as force majeure' and hardship.' The author shows that the general principles of law' approach addresses this concern most effectively. Generally accepted & understood by the business world at large, this approach encompasses principles of international commercial contracts derived from a variety of legal systems. Its most important restatements' are found in the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (UPICC).