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For the Common Good: Philosophical Foundations of Research Ethics de Alex John London

For the Common Good: Philosophical Foundations of Research Ethics

Autor Alex John London
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 29 apr 2022

Ne-a atras atenția rigoarea cu care Alex John London demontează frica tradițională din bioetică: aceea că urmărirea binelui comun ar justifica încălcarea drepturilor individuale. În acest volum de referință publicat de Oxford University Press, autorul fundamentează un imperativ moral dublu, care transformă cercetarea dintr-un proces potențial periculos într-o formă vitală de cooperare socială. Subliniem faptul că London nu se limitează la o critică a reglementărilor actuale, ci propune un cadru teoretic capabil să gestioneze coordonarea între cercetători, instituții și participanți. Cititorii familiarizați cu The Oxford Handbook of Research Ethics de Ana S. Iltis vor aprecia trecerea de la o abordare multidisciplinară de tip compendiu la o monografie filosofică unitară, care caută o teorie coerentă pentru etica cercetării. Dacă Beyond Regulations de Nancy M. King semnala limitele paradigmei bazate exclusiv pe reguli, lucrarea lui London oferă fundamentul filosofic necesar pentru a depăși acest blocaj, integrând cercetarea în obiectivele unei ordini sociale juste. În contextul operei sale, For the Common Good reprezintă o evoluție naturală de la temele abordate în Cutting to the Core. Dacă în lucrarea anterioară autorul analiza tensiunea morală dintre prejudiciul fizic și beneficiul terapeutic în chirurgie, aici extinde analiza la nivel sistemic. Structura celor 476 de pagini este densă, dar logică, mutând accentul de la paternalismul protecției către asigurarea credibilă că cercetarea servește interesele fundamentale ale tuturor cetățenilor. Credem că această lucrare reîncadrează cercetarea medicală nu ca pe o activitate izolată, ci ca pe un pilon esențial pentru funcționarea eficientă și echitabilă a societății.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780197534830
ISBN-10: 019753483X
Pagini: 476
Dimensiuni: 243 x 164 x 39 mm
Greutate: 0.93 kg
Editura: Oxford University Press
Colecția OUP USA
Locul publicării:New York, United States

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte cercetătorilor și membrilor comisiilor de etică care doresc să înțeleagă fundamentele morale dincolo de simpla conformitate cu reglementările. Cititorul câștigă o perspectivă nouă asupra cercetării ca act de cooperare socială, nu doar ca experiment. Este o lectură esențială pentru cei care activează în politici de sănătate publică, oferind argumente solide pentru o cercetare medicală mai echitabilă și mai eficientă.

Despre autor

Alex John London este un filosof specializat în bioetică și etica cercetării, recunoscut pentru analizele sale profunde asupra obligațiilor morale în context medical. Lucrarea sa anterioară, Cutting to the Core, a explorat dilemele etice ale intervențiilor chirurgicale, stabilind profilul unui autor preocupat de echilibrul dintre beneficiul clinic și respectul pentru integritatea pacientului. Prin volumul de față, publicat la Oxford University Press, London își consolidează poziția de teoretician de frunte, contribuind la dezbaterile internaționale despre modul în care instituțiile sociale trebuie să organizeze cercetarea pentru a proteja interesele fundamentale ale indivizilor într-un cadru global.

Descriere

The foundations of research ethics are riven with fault lines emanating from a fear that if research is too closely connected to weighty social purposes an imperative to advance the common good through research will justify abrogating the rights and welfare of study participants. The result is an impoverished conception of the nature of research, an incomplete focus on actors who bear important moral responsibilities, and a system of ethics and oversight highly attuned to the dangers of research but largely silent about threats of ineffective, inefficient, and inequitable medical practices and health systems. In For the Common Good: Philosophical Foundations of Research Ethics, Alex John London defends a conception of the common good that grounds a moral imperative with two requirements. The first is to promote research that generates the information necessary to enable key social institutions to effectively, efficiently, and equitably safeguard the basic interests of individuals. The second is to ensure that research is organized as a voluntary scheme of social cooperation that respects its various contributors' moral claims to be treated as free and equal. Connecting research to the goals of a just social order grounds a framework for assessing and managing research risk that reconciles these requirements and justifies key oversight practices in non-paternalistic terms. Reconceiving research ethics as resolving coordination problems and providing credible assurance that these requirements are being met expands the issues and actors that fall within the purview of the field and provides the foundation for a more unified and coherent approach to domestic and international research. This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

Recenzii

An exceptional book that should receive wide attention... much of the field has been groping piecemeal toward what London has done in this book... a philosophical tour de force... this book deserves to be recognized as a vital foundation on which policy progress should-indeed, must-be built.
London's new book is a remarkable achievement. It offers a compelling and coherent vision of the philosophical foundations of research ethics, resituating the research enterprise within the broader activity of creating a just social order.... it provides an attractive, systematic alternative to prominent approaches which neglect this value in favor of the principles of beneficence and respect for persons. Despite his focus on the philosophical foundations of research ethics, moreover, London's analysis is informed by his deep knowledge of the practices of research and ethics oversight. For the Common Good makes a major contribution to the field of research ethics.
While I do not agree with London's overall approach to foundations of human research ethics, I have learned a great deal from reading his book. The book has helped me to see familiar issues in a different way and has prompted me to rethink my own views. London succeeds in showing why it is necessary to expand the scope of human research ethics beyond its current confines to adequately deal with questions of national and international justice. He also succeeds in developing a rigorous and thoughtful approach to the foundations of human research ethics that is likely to stimulate further inquiry and debate. Based on these two accomplishments alone, London's book can be regarded as a major contribution to the literature on human research ethics and its philosophical foundations.
The book is a valuable contribution to a growing body of literature that expresses dissatisfaction with the current state of biomedical research. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has brought matters of research ethics closer to the fore, and not always with favorable results. It may be that now is as good a time as any to rethink our research institutions. London's book is a model for how philosophers can contribute, and if they would like to help, familiarity with his ideas should be part of the table stakes for the conversation.
An outstanding work. London has produced a book that is philosophically rich and practically relevant with deep insights about justice, the common good, and risk in a pluralistic society. It offers a compelling vision of research as a democratic activity that produces an important social good and it will repay careful study from philosophers and policy makers alike.
For the Common Good is a ground-breaking book. Alex John London argues persuasively for an expanded vision of the conception and practice of ethics in research that locates justice at the heart of the research enterprise. The result is a tour de force in moral philosophy and practical ethics.
With this volume, Alex John London makes a major contribution to the research ethics literature. His analysis is broad and deep, delivering new insights on well-studied topics and illuminating neglected concepts such as the social value of research. For the Common Good is destined to become an essential resource for scholars, students, policymakers, and others seeking to develop a just and fair research enterprise
A view has become entrenched that the interests of the tiny proportion of patients who participate in clinical trials addressing treatment uncertainties are more in need of protection than are the vastly greater numbers of patients being offered the same treatments in the 'uncontrolled experiments' of everyday clinical practice. This double standard and other poorly thought-through features of research ethics are brilliantly challenged by Alex John London in For The Common Good. This important book shows how the interests of society and of individual research participants can be promoted concurrently.
Alex John London's recent book is a sustained argument for placing justice at the heart of research. In keeping with Rawls's famous dictum, 'justice is the first virtue of social institutions,' London seeks to elevate justice from its current role as third fiddle-behind beneficence and autonomy-to the central and orienting concept of research ethics...the fact that London succeeds in recasting the core issues of research ethics and moving them into the realm of social and political philosophy is a significant boon for the field. For the Common Good deserves to set the agenda for foundational work in research ethics for years to come.
London is remarkably successful. The book is a singular work of ambition and scope, yielding promising analyses of a wide range of issues, from a comprehensive approach to research riskâassessment, to the ethics of international research, control arms, adaptive designs, learning health systems, and a nonpaternalistic account of research oversight, among others. It is consistently penetrating, combining meticulous argument with illuminating exposition of the historical roots of the discipline and its formative debates...For the Common Good deserves to set the agenda for foundational work in research ethics for years to come.

Notă biografică

Alex John London is the Clara L. West Professor of Ethics and Philosophy and Director of the Center for Ethics and Policy at Carnegie Mellon University. An elected Fellow of the Hastings Center, Professor London's work addresses ethical and philosophical questions at the foundations of medicine, biotechnology and artificial intelligence. His more than 100 published papers or book chapters have appeared in Mind, The Philosopher's Imprint, Science, JAMA, The Lancet, The BMJ, PLoS Medicine, Statistics In Medicine, The Hastings Center Report, and numerous other journals and collections. He has served as an ethics expert in consultations with numerous national and international organizations including the World Health Organization, the World Medical Association, the World Bank, the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the U.S. National Academy of Medicine. He is also co-editor of Ethical Issues in Modern Medicine, one of the most widely used textbooks in medical ethics.