Forest fires are a serious problem affecting many terrestrial ecosystems and causing substantial economic damage. Due to the increase of frequency and severity of large forest fire and wildland-urban interface fires, the World Health Organization has identified this problem as a threat to public health security in the 21st century. This book gathers and presents current research from across the globe in the study of fire detection techniques and applications. Some topics discussed, herein, include: early detection of forest fires from space using the RTM method; using the Lidar technique (light detection and ranging) for evaluation and fire surveillance; remotely sensed fire maps and historic fire regime reconstructions; aerosol and trace gas retrievals from remote sensing fire products; as well as using wireless thermal sensors to detect the positions of the fire front.