This book is focused on the application of recent methods for the modification of textiles using physical methods (corona discharge, plasma, laser, electron beam, irradiations and Ion beam) and chemical methods (surface grafting, enzymatic modification, sol-gel technique, nano materials and treatment with different new reagents). Reducing pollution in textile production is becoming of utmost importance for manufacturers worldwide. In coming years, the textile industry must implement sustainable technologies and develop environmentally safer methods for textiles processing to remain competitive.