The study of organism evolution and diversity has long drawn the attention of scientists, particularly those working in the various branches of botany. As a result, there are numerous textbooks on the topic. Pteridophytes (Ferns) take up different percentages of the extant texts, and some textbooks even focus on only one subgroup, like the ferns. Currently, no book that comprehensively addresses every crucial aspect related to the development, diversity, and ecological significance of pteridophytes to the best of our knowledge. The authors are confident that the readers of this book will be fascinated by pteridophytes and the range of products they provides, including food, fibers, and ornaments etc. The chapters on the evolution of different plant parts will give the readers new insights into how to investigate more relationships that link the evolution's lingering. All aspects of biodiversity in pteridophytes are covered in the current book, including spore morphology, climate and ecological relationships, ethnobotanical significance, and nematode activity. The remaining two chapters focused on the discourse of these magnificent plants and the cultural relevance of pteridophytes in diverse agro-climatic zones worldwide.