The U.S. Government's portfolio of climate change programs and cross-cutting initiatives focuses on advancing our understanding of climate change and its impact on our communities; advancing the development and introduction of energy-efficient, renewable, and other low- or non-emitting technologies; improving standards for measuring and registering emissions reductions and supporting preparedness and resilience to climate change impacts. Many elements of the Administration's climate change portfolio are designed to provide incentives for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions domestically to support community-based preparedness and resilience efforts, to ensure that Federal operations and facilities continue to protect and serve citizens in a changing climate, and to promote international initiatives focused on concrete actions toward reducing greenhouse gas emission and enhance climate preparedness globally. The Obama Administration has set a U.S. GHG emissions reduction target in the range of 17 percent below 2005 levels by 2020 and approximately 83 percent below 2005 levels by 2050.