This book synthesises the principles of fault detection with a focus on interfaces between the main disciplines of methods/technologies and industrial systems. It is complementary to other sub-disciplines such as maintenance, engineering, safety, risk analysis, etc. This book is intended for engineers, economists, technical consultants, researchers, etc. who are involved in the advancement of fault detection, and for those who incorporate fault detection in their work. The authors of this volume describe their pioneering work in the area and provide material from case studies that successfully applied the fault detection discipline in real life cases. Some topics discussed include condition monitoring of wind turbines; induction motor fault detection based on vibration analysis and support vector machines; failure detection and accommodation approaches for the airspeed sensor on a small UAV; and model-based fault diagnosis for industrial mobile robots.