The Air Force currently plans to spend $11.7 billion to modernize and improve reliability of the F-22A, its fifth generation air superiority fighter. Originally designed to counter air threats posed by the former Soviet Union, the post-Cold War era spurred efforts to add new missions and capabilities to the F-22A, including improved air-to-air and robust air-to-ground attack capabilities. This book provides an analysis of the modernization program for the F-22A fighter jet, with a focus on cost, technical and sustainment risks; and a comparison with the Legacy fighter modernization program.