This book provides its readers with an advanced understanding of exercise physiology. It studies in detail the responses of the body to exercise and its corresponding impact. Exercise acts as a physical medicine that has the ability to remediate impairments and promote mobility, function, and quality of life through physical intervention. It emphasizes the acute and chronic effects of exercise on various physiological systems in adults and the integrative nature of these physiological responses. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of exercise physiology and present the recent researches in this field.