Volume 4 deals with events, legislative and administrative actions of discrimination as well as affairs, scandals and controversies. 207 articles explain the motives, the backdrop and the consequences of the manifestation of hatred against Jews and also examples of prevention and resistance against it. The examples include the 19th century antisemitism congresses, the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion”, debates on the prohibition of kosher slaughter, the “conspiracy” of Kremlin doctors, medieval vernacular sermons, the Jenninger case, the Walser-Bubis debate and much more.