Energy Efficient Computing

Himanshu Sharma, PhD is an Assistant Professor at Lovely Professional University, India, with more than four years of experience in academics. He has published more than ten?research papers in refereed journals and conferences. His area of expertise includes power electronics, optimization techniques, load frequency control, automatic generation control, and modernization of smart grids.
Krishan Arora, PhD is the Head of the Department of Power Systems in the School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering at Lovely Professional University, India with more than seventeen years of experience in academics and research. He has published more than 85 research papers in refereed journals and conferences, five edited books, six Indian patents, and a copyright. He has edited five books in different areas of Electronics and Electrical engineering. His expertise lies in power electronics, non-conventional energy sources, electric drives, induction and synchronous machines, and digital electronics.
Suman Lata Tripathi, PhD is a Professor at Lovely Professional University, India, with more than 20 years of experience in academics. She has published more than 74 research papers in refereed journals and conferences, 17 books, 13 Indian patents, and two copyrights. Her area of expertise includes microelectronics device modeling and characterization, low-power VLSI circuit design, VLSI design of testing, and advanced FET design for IoT.
Gyanendra Prasad Joshi, PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Republic of Korea. He?has more than 150 research articles published in books, international journals, and international conferences as a first or corresponding author. His main research interests include UAV localization, routing protocols for next-generation wireless networks, wireless sensor networks, cognitive radio networks, and RFID systems.

Preface xix

1 Machine Learning for Real-Time Energy Optimization 1
Irfan Ahmad Pindoo

1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Foundations: Energy Optimization and Machine Learning Primitives 4
1.3 Machine Learning Approaches for Real-Time Energy Optimization 7
1.4 Key Application Domains and Case Studies 19
1.5 Critical Challenges and Mitigation Strategies 28
1.6 Metrics for Evaluation 31
1.7 Future Research Directions 33
1.8 Conclusion 35

2 Low-Power Energy-Efficient Design of an Operational Amplifier 45
Kudakwashe Muzira, Sanjeet Kumar Sinha and Sweta Chander

2.1 Introduction 46
2.2 Operational Amplifier and Equivalent Circuit 48
2.3 Characteristics of an Operational Amplifier 51
2.4 Energy-Efficient, Low-Power Design Techniques 56
2.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects 57

3 Energy Storage Systems and Smart Grids 61
Harpreet Kaur Channi

3.1 Introduction 61
3.2 Literature Survey 65
3.3 Methodology 67
3.4 Case Study: Integration of Energy Storage System in a Residential Smart Grid 70
3.5 Results and Discussion 80
3.6 Global Case Studies of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems with Energy Storage 82
3.7 Conclusion 83

4 Enhancing Hydropower System Efficiency Using Artificial Intelligence-Driven Image Processing 89
Amanjot Singh

4.1 Introduction 89
4.2 Various Challenges of the Hydropower System 90
4.3 Image Processing Role in Hydropower 93
4.4 Conclusion 96

5 The Internet-of-Things-Enabled Design of Developed Hardware for the Graphene Derivatives-Based Moisture Sensor and Testing Under Laboratory Conditions 99
Shelej Khera

5.1 Introduction 100
5.2 Materials and Methods 101x Contents
5.3 Results and Discussion 105
5.4 Conclusions 109

6 Cloud Resource Optimization Technique 113
Pandey Gaurav Kumar and Srivastava Sumit

6.1 Introduction 114
6.2 Cloud Resource Management: Background 119
6.3 Resource Optimization Techniques 124
6.4 Intelligent Algorithms for Optimization 125
6.5 Case Studies and Simulation Results 127
6.6 Tools and Simulation Frameworks 129
6.7 Challenges and Future Directions 131
6.8 Conclusion 132

7 Power Distribution and Renewable Energy Integration 135
Karthikeyan K., Umasankar P. and Parathraju P.

7.1 Introduction to Power Distribution 136
7.2 The History of the Electrical Distribution System 138
7.3 Operation of Electrical Distribution System 139
7.4 Procedure for Delivering Electricity to Consumers 141
7.5 Challenges in Power Distribution 142
7.6 Types of Distribution Systems Based on the Nature of Current 143
7.7 Overview of Renewable Energy Integration 154xii Contents
7.8 Evolution of Renewable Energy Integration 155
7.9 Renewable Energy Sources Operation in a Distributed System 156
7.10 Developments in Renewable Integration 157
7.11 Challenges and Opportunities of Renewable Energy Integration 164
7.12 Conclusion 166

8 Advanced Soft Computing Techniques in Renewable Energy Technologies 169
Krishan Arora

8.1 Introduction 169
8.2 The Development History of Soft Computing 171
8.3 Fuzzy Logic 173
8.4 Artificial Neural Network 180
8.5 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System 185
8.6 Conclusion 187

9 Automating Operating System and Software Migration: Engineering a Software Framework for Effortless Operating System and Application Migration 191
Muhammad Younus, Halimah Abdul Manaf, Dyah Mutiarin, Achmad Nurmandi, Andi Adawiah, Tunjung Sulaksono, Jamaluddin Ahmad, Eliza Meiyani, Andi Luhur Prianto and Sunhyuk Kim

9.1 Introduction 192
9.2 Literature Review 194
9.3 Research Method 196
9.4 Results and Discussion 198
9.5 Conclusion 204

10 Smart Cradle Baby Care Monitoring System Using the Internet of Things 209
A. Arthi, K. Keerthirajan, N. Mohammed Hussain, M. Vinuvarsith, S. Vishnuvaradhan and Qodirov Asliddin Asomiddin

10.1 Introduction 210
10.2 Related Work 211
10.3 Proposed System 213
10.4 Methodology and Technologies Used 215
10.5 Result and Discussion 219
10.6 Conclusion and Future Enhancement 223

11 Analysis and Identification of Soil Fertility Using Machine Learning 227
Y. Sreenivasa Reddy, Shaik Karimulla, S. Siva Yaswanth Reddy, L. Sharmila and Muhammad Rukunuddin Ghalib

11.1 Introduction 228
11.2 Related Work 229
11.3 Existing System 232
11.4 Proposed System 234
11.5 System Modules 238
11.6 Conclusion 239
11.7 Future Enhancements 240

12 Advanced Driver Drowsiness Detection and Yawning Alert System Leveraging Machine Learning 243
Sachin Kumar, Gaurav Kumar, Vishal Kohli, Krishan Arora and Ajay Kumar

12.1 Introduction 244
12.2 Background and Related Work 245
12.3 Methodology 246
12.4 Results and Discussion 249
12.5 Conclusion 253

13 Internet-of-Things-Enabled Monitoring for Real-Time Energy Optimization 257
Dabbula Sahithi, Guntumadugu Venkata Sravan, Vajrala Ruksana, Dhivya P., Amritha Krishnan A., Ranjit Singh Chauhan and Ashish Aggarwal

13.1 Introduction 258
13.2 Fundamentals of the Internet of Things-Based Monitoring Systems 261
13.3 Energy Optimization Techniques in Internet of Things Systems 265
13.4 Real-Time Monitoring and Control Frameworks 268
13.5 Case Studies in General Domains 271
13.6 Applications in Biomedical Engineering 275
13.7 Design Considerations and Challenges 279
13.8 Future Trends and Research Directions 283
13.9 Conclusion 285

14 High-Performance Filter Design and Implementation Using a Field-Programmable Gate Array 293
Suman Lata Tripathi

14.1 Introduction 294
14.2 Tool Description and Models 294
14.3 Block Diagram on Methodology 300
14.4 Verilog Design Modules and Verilog Code 307
14.5 Result and Discussion 307
14.6 Performance Comparison Table 314
14.7 Applications 317
14.8 Conclusion 317

References 318
Index 321