This book presents current research in the study of the risk factors, symptoms and management of endometriosis. Topics discussed in this compilation include the association between endometriosis and ovarian cancer; modalities from science in the prevention of endometriosis; immunology as a risk factor and its role in the development of endometriosis; oxidative stress as a risk factor in endometriosis; association of bone morphogenetic protein 6 with endometriosis classification; clinical and surgical management of endometriosis-related infertility; choosing the right surgery for endometriosis and pelvic pain; the use of transvaginal ultrasound in the prediction of Pouch of Douglas Obliteration in women with suspected endometriosis; maintenance therapy after conservative surgery for moderate and severe endometriosis; the phosphoinositide signal transduction pathway in endometriosis; and the genetic factors contributing to endometriosis.