This book provides an integrated and forward-looking perspective on the design, synthesis, and application of electrospun nanomaterials, with particular emphasis on biopolymer-based fibers, sustainable nanoparticle production, and functional nanostructures for biomedical and catalytic use. Drawing on recent advances in electrospinning science, green chemistry, and nanocomposite engineering, the volume explores how polymer-solvent interactions, mathematical modeling, machine learning, and environmentally responsible synthetic routes can be combined to create high-performance materials with tailored properties. The work highlights the scientific principles that govern fiber formation, structural control, and surface functionalization, while also addressing the challenges associated with reproducibility, scalability, and multifunctionality.

• Integrates electrospinning science with sustainable nanoparticle synthesis and biopolymer engineering in a single, coherent framework.
• Presents advanced methodologies for process optimization, including mathematical programming and data-driven modeling, enabling readers to design electrospun fibers with controlled morphology, enhanced performance, and improved reproducibility.
• Provides practical experimental insights on biopolymer-based scaffolds, collagen-PVA systems, and surface biofunctionalization strategies, offering valuable guidance for researchers working in tissue engineering and biomedical materials.
• Introduces environmentally responsible fabrication routes such as green metallic nanoparticle synthesis and deep eutectic solvent processing, giving readers access to sustainable alternatives that reduce environmental impact without compromising material functionality.
• Demonstrates real functional applications, including antimicrobial behavior, catalytic activity, and porous-structure formation, allowing readers to understand how nanostructured biopolymers can be translated into practical technological solutions.

Informing researchers and practitioners seeking innovative pathways for developing next-generation materials, this work helps graduate students, academics, and professionals in materials science, chemical engineering, biotechnology, and related fields who require a comprehensive and technically rigorous resource on sustainable nanofiber and nanocomposite technologies.