It has been estimated that driver inattention, including driver distraction, is a contributing factor in nearly 80 percent of crashes and 65 percent of near-crashes. It is therefore a major road safety problem and, by its nature, one that affects drivers on all continents. Although driver inattention has contributed to road trauma for many years, it is only recently that it has become a point of concern for transport safety authorities, vehicle manufacturers, researchers, and others. The proliferation and increased use of the mobile phone has, more than anything else, brought the issue of driver distraction to public attention. However, the broader issue of driver inattention, of which driver distraction is only a part, has received less attention. This book, the second in a series, provides a critical bridge between the fields of driver inattention and driver distraction. It brings together in a single volume recent advances in research on these topics from fields as diverse as human factors, cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience and accidentology. The book presents the state of the art, including new and emerging developments in countermeasure development. Importantly, the editors seek here to define driver inattention and distraction, and the relationship between them a and in doing so, to provide a practical framework within which to shape and advance thinking and countermeasure development in the field. This book, and the others within the series, will shape the future, helping to save lives."