Down syndrome (DS), also known as Trisomy 21, is a chromosomal disorder in which a third copy of the 21st chromosome affects both structural and behavioral development of one in every 800 live births in the United States. DS is a very common cause of mental impairment and children with DS present with a variety of medical issues, including cardiovascular defects, endocrine problems, neurodevelopment disorders, hematological problems, gastrointestinal and sleep dysfunctions, visual and hearing impairment. This book provides new research on the perspectives, challenges and management of DS. Chapter One examines the control of force and timing during finger tapping sequences of adolescents with Down syndrome. Chapter Two reviews the management of executive function following Assisted Cycling Therapy (ACT) in adolescents with DS. Chapter Three evaluates retrospectively the data of auxological and endocrinological parameters in patients with this genetic disorder.