Diuretics are drugs that increase urine water and salt excretion, and for that reason they are widely used for treating arterial hypertension, and edematous states such as decompensated cardiac failure, cirrhosis, and nephropathy. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the pharmacology, therapeutic uses and adverse side effects of diuretics. Topics include the aquaretic effect of vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists; basic principles of diuretic therapy; predictors to blood pressure response and the adverse side effects of thiazide diuretics; diuretic therapy in heart failure; diuretics as antiepileptics; and potent diuretics and potassium sparing agents.