The research detailed in this book has been motivated by the search for a simple parallel digital optical architecture for image processing. The development of a simple unified consistent theory of parallel binary image processing is described and its implementation on digital optical processors is considered. Both theoretical and experimental work are included, and both algorithmic and architectural designs are covered. Also presented are the experimental results of the implementation of a prototype Digital Optical Cellular Image Processor (DOCIP) system used to demonstrate the concept of the DOCIP architecture.