This study considers the role of civil society in Tanzania's development and transition to democracy. It analyses the structures and management of civil groups, and their relationships with communities and government, so as to determine the extent to which they represent a force for change. Professor Mushi, widely published political scientist at the University of Dar es Salaam, argues that capactity is still limited due to a lack of resources, trained personnel and management capacity. Moreover, civil society is hampered by a lack of autonomy because the state, although withdrawing from being sole service-provider in Tanzania, still holds sway over civil groups.