This study examines the role of Mexico in international wildlife trade and the result for wildlife conservation in Mexico of becoming a Party to CITES. Mexico imports substantial quantities of non-native species, which exceed its exports of native species in the same taxonomic groups. Mexico has been the second largest re-exporter of products and derivative products from wild species in the Western Hemisphere, after the US. This study also examines the use of reptile skins in the Mexican leather industry. Mexico has a major role as importer, manufacturer, producer and distributor centre of reptile skins from non-native and native species. Although Mexico has adopted a sustainable use policy, the Mexican leather industry still relies on reptile skins from non-native species. In contrast, the smaller numbers of skins used from native species mainly derive from captive breeding schemes that although biologically sustainable provide no incentive for habitat conservation. Contrary to its objectives of protecting native species, bans have increased the illegal distribution of reptile skins and skin products.