This book reviews research in the field of detergent types, their components and uses. Discussed herein are biosurfactants and their uses in the petroleum industry and in hydrocarbon pollution remediation; detergent-based DNA extraction techniques in molecular biology; enzyme usage as an active ingredient in detergents and the influence of different detergents on the preservation of the cytoskeleton and detergent-resistant membranes on whole-mounted cells. In this compilation, also explored, is the study on the synthesis, separation, analysis and performance of sulfo fatty methyl ester sulfonates as new anionic surfactants.