The process of removing salt and other minerals from the target substance is called desalination. The discipline of desalination engineering deals with the removal of salts and minerals from seawater to produce water suitable for consumption by humans. Solar distillation, vacuum distillation, forward osmosis, membrane distillation and multi stage flash distillation are some of the techniques used for the desalination process. Most of the commercial units use the reverse osmosis method for purification of sea water. Some of the major challenges faced in desalination engineering are high energy consumption, brine disposal, membrane performance, scaling and protection of marine life. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of desalination engineering and how such concepts have practical applications. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. This book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.